The most famous extant altar should be Beijing‘s Tian Tan (Temple of Heaven), or the Temple of Heaven, located on the east side of the front gate in the south city of Beijing. The Temple of Heaven is a world-level artistic treasure, its artistic theme sings the praise of the supreme “heaven”, and all artistic techniques aim to play up the solemnity and nobility of the heaven, gaining extremely outstanding achievement.
It is the place where emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368-1911) worshipped the heaven and was built in the 18th year (1420) of the reign of Ming Emperor Chengzu. As Chinese emperors called themselves Tianzi, or the son of heaven, they had to cede supremacy to the heaven in terms of abiding. The altar, in a plane round shape, called Huanqiu Tan (Circular Mound Altar), was rebuilt in the 17th year (1752) of Qing Emperor Gaozong. The Qinian Hall (Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests) was rebuilt in the 16th year (1890) of Emperor Dezong.
The Temple of Heaven has an area of 273 hectares, which is five times the size of the Forbidden City, with a layout in two squares one inside the other. Two walls divide the ground into the outer and inner parts. The outer wall is 6,416 meters long and the inner wall is 3,292 meters long. The northern part of the outer and inner walls is a semicircle and the southern part of them is square, declining from north to south to symbolize the traditional belief that Heaven was high and round and the earth was low and rectangular.
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Walking eastward from the front (west) gate, within the inner wall there is a Zhaigong (fasting-palace) in the south for the emperor to fast and bathe before worshipping. Further east is a north-south vertical axis formed by the main buildings. The five-meter-high Circular Mound Altar is in the south with a three-layered stone terrace. Within the Beiyuan courtyard of the Circular Mound Altar is a round hall or the imperial vault where the spirit tablet of the heavenly god is placed. Going further north, one can reach the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests via Danbi Bridge.
(Source: chinaculture.org)