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合： 快乐学汉语，轻松又好记。
Learning Chinese is easy and fun.
韩佳：世界上有四座城市，
Four cities in the world,
因为它们的历史非常悠久，
due to their extremely long history
文化又十分灿烂，
and splendid culture,
所以被称为四大文明古都。
are billed as the four greatest
ancient cities.
大牛：没错。
Sure.
它们是希腊的雅典，
They are Athens of Greece,
意大利的罗马，
Rome of Italy,
埃及的开罗，
Cairo of Egypt
还有我们现在所在的这个城市，
and the city where we’re staying,
中国西安。
Xi’an of China.
韩佳：西安可以说是一座巨大的历史博物馆。
Xi’an may be regarded as a giant
history museum.
在这里到处都有历史的遗迹。
There are traces left by history
everywhere here.
您瞧，这就是一处，西安古城墙。
Look, this is a section of Xi’an’s
ancient city wall.
大牛：这里的城墙保护得真不错。
The city wall is surely well preserved here.
韩佳：西安的城墙是中国古代城墙中
Xi’an city wall is the best preserved of
保存最完好的一处。
its kind in China.
它始建于隋唐，扩建于明代。
The wall was first built in the Sui and Tang
dynasties and expanded in the Ming Dynasty.
合： 明代，嗯。
Oh, the Ming Dynasty.
大牛：那应该是六百多年前喽。
That would be over 600 years ago.
韩佳：嘿 你的历史还学得真不错
Hey, you’ve learned your history so well.
Nǐ lìishǐ xué de zhēn bú cuò.
你 历史 学 得 真 不 错。
You’ve quite knowledgable about history.
大牛：难道西安是隋唐的时候建起来的？
Was Xi’an also first built in the Sui
and Tang dynasties?
韩佳：哎，那你就说错了。
No, you are wrong.
西安的历史可以上溯到公元前11世纪。
Xi’an’s history can be traced back
to the 11th century B.C.
早在公元前220年，
As early as 220 B.C., emperors of
汉代的皇帝就开始兴建长安城，
the Han Dynasty already began
to build Chang’an
把它作为首都，
as the capital city,
就是今天的西安。
which is Xi’an today.
哎，大牛，你在听吗？
Hey, Daniel, are you listening?
大牛：听着呢，听着呢。
Yes, I am..
什么公元前220年，
What 220 B.C.,
公元前11世纪。
the 11th century B.C.
还有什么上…上诉打官司？
and what “shang su da guan si”
(appeal to a higher court in a lawsuit)?
韩佳：哎，我可没有说上诉打官司。
Oh, I didn’t say “shang su da guan si”.
我说的上溯，
What I said was “shang su”,
意思是从现在的时间推算到以前。
meaning to trace back in time.
大牛：哦，原来是两个同音词。
Oh, they are two homonyms.
很容易搞混。
People are likely to get mixed
up with them.
韩佳说的上溯就是从现在的时间推算到以前。
The “shang su” which Han Jia just
said means to trace back.
例如，西安的历史可以上溯到公元前11世纪。
For example, Xi’an’s history can be
traced back to the 11th century B.C.
上溯。
”shang su” (trace back or date back to).
这座城墙特别长。
This city was is especially long.
一眼望不到头。
You can’t see its end.
韩佳：是啊。
Yes.
西安城墙上吊桥、闸楼、
Xi’an’s city wall, with its
drawbridges sluice
箭楼、垛口，一应俱全。
gate towers, ramparts and crenels,
is adequately equipped.
巧妙的设计使城墙十分坚固。
Ingenious designs made the city wall
extremely sturdy and solid.
Qiǎomiào de shèji shǐ chéngqiáng shífēn jiāngù.
巧妙 的 设计 使 城墙 十分 坚固。
The ingenious design of the city walls
made them incredibly tough.
大牛：但是从哪里能看出来这里的设计巧妙呢？
But from where can we see
its ingenious designs?
韩佳：你往地上看。
Look at the promenade surface.
大牛：啊，这路面怎么一边高一边低？
Why is one side higher than the other?
是不是要塌了呀？
Will it collapse?
韩佳：放心吧。不会塌的。
Rest assured. It won’t collapse.
这路面是故意设计成这样的。
The road surface was designed
purposely like this.
大牛：这是为什么？
Why?
人们不怕滑倒吗？
Weren’t people afraid of slipping?
韩佳：这西安城墙上的石砖路叫海墁。
The stone-paved road on Xi’an’s city
wall is also known as an apron.
一边高一边低是为了方便排水。
The sloped road was designed to
facilitate the discharge of water.
这样城墙就不会被水浸泡坏了。
This way, the city wall won’t be
soaked in water.
大牛：哦，有道理。这个设计不错。
Yes, quite reasonable. It was
a nice design.
那还有其他的吗？
Are there any other ingenious designs?
韩佳：当然有了。我们去看看。
Of course there are. Let’s go
and find them.
大牛，这就是敌楼。
Daniel, this was a rampart.
守城的士兵可以在上面向敌人射击。
Soldiers guarding the city would
shoot at the enemy from up there.
大牛：这也算不上是巧妙的设计呀？
Is this also an ingenious design?
韩佳：你听我说完嘛。
I haven’t finished yet.
这些敌楼每座都相隔120米。
These ramparts are arranged at an
interval of 120 meters from each other.
你知道为什么吗？
You know why?
大牛：这还不简单。
That’s simple.
两座敌楼的距离很近的话，
Two ramparts were arranged close
to each other
那这样里面的士兵们互相打招呼
in order to let soldiers greet each
other more conveniently.
就很方便了。
That would be a lot more convenient.
韩佳：错啦。
You are wrong.
因为古代的弓箭在这个距离之内
An ancient arrow shot within this range
杀伤力是最强的。
would be most powerful.
两座敌楼相隔不超过120米，
At intervals of no more than 120 meters,
敌楼之间就可以起到互相保护的作用了。
the adjacent two ramparts were able
to protect each other most effectively.
大牛：哎，这个设计倒是挺巧妙的。
It is indeed an ingenious design.
看来这座城墙是很难被攻破的。
It seems the city wall is hard to
break through.
韩佳：是啊。
Yes.
在冷兵器时代，
In the times when there was
no gunpowder,
像这样坚固的城池是易守难攻的。
such a solid city wall would be easy
to defend and hard to conquer.
让敌人肯定束手无策。
The enemy would be “shu shou wu ce”.
大牛：束手无策的意思是？
What does “shu shou wu ce” mean?
韩佳：束手是指捆住了手脚。
”shu shou” means bound hands
and feet.
束手无策这个成语意思是没有办法了。
”shu shou wu ce” is an idiom, meaning
at the end of one’s resources.
大牛：束手无策这个成语意思是没有办法了。
”shu shou wu ce” is a Chinese idiom
which means powerless.
束手无策。
”shu shou wu ce”.
韩佳：其实不光是城墙本身，
In addition to the city wall,
还有深深的护城河围绕着城墙。
there is also a deep moat surrounding
the wall.
这样就使得城市的防御系统更加完善了。
It made the city’s defense system
even more adequate.
大牛：还有护城河呢。
There is even a moat here.
我们能去看看吗？
Can we go and take a look?
韩佳：当然可以了。就在那下边。
Of course we can. It’s right down below.
我们可以去那里领略一下古城墙的雄姿。
We may have a glimpse of the imposing
ancient city wall from down there.
大牛：走。
Come on.
Wǒmen kěyǐ qù nàlǐ lǐngluè yí xià gǔ chéngqiáng de xióngzī
我们 可以 去 那里 领略 一 下 古 城墙 的 雄姿。
We can go there and take a glimpse
of the old city walls.
真是没想到过了这么多年，
I didn’t expect that, after so many years,
这护城河还保存着呢。
the moat is still kept so good here.
韩佳：我不是跟你说了吗，
Didn’t I tell you that
这西安的古城墙保存得十分完好？
this ancient city wall in Xi’an is the
best preserved in China?
大牛：你看，还有这么长的城墙！
Look, what a long wall it is!
我们不如再多看看吧。
We’d better see more of it.
韩佳：哎，别光顾着自己看啊。
Don’t just enjoy yourself alone.
让我们跟电视机前的观众朋友们
Let’s enjoy together with our viewers
一起到赏心悦目中再去看看吧。
the Feast for the Eyes.
赏心悦目：
西安古城墙始建于两千多年前
Xi’an’s ancient city wall was built
over 2,000 years ago.
筑造坚固实用
It was built solidly and for practical purposes.
气势宏伟庄严
The wall displays an imposing and
majestic architectural style.
历经千年风雨 古墙旧貌依然
Having withstood erosion and weathering
over thousands of years, the wall has retained
its former grandeur.
是西安一道亮丽的风景线
A unique tourist attraction, the wall
也是中华民族智慧的结晶
represents a crystallization of the wisdom
of ancient Chinese.
它见证了西安城的沧桑巨变
It has witnessed tremendous changes
in the history of Xi’an.
大牛：怎么样？还不错吧？
What do you think? Not bad?
韩佳：您不妨也来亲身感受一下。
You may come as well and see it
for yourself.
好了，接下来就要出今天的问题了。
Okay, next,it’s the quiz for today.
本期问题：
我们现在所看到的西安古城墙是什么时候扩建的？
When was the ancient city wall we’ve seen
in Xi’an expanded?
Yuán dài
A.元 代 The Yuan Dynasty
Táng dài
B.唐 代 The Tang Dynasty
Míng dài
C.明 代 The Ming Dynasty
大牛：快快发送，奖品等您拿。
Send in your answer now to get your award.
韩佳：如果您还有什么问题或者是建议，
If you have any questions or suggestions,
请用以下方式随时跟我们联系。
please contact us anytime using
the following methods.
大牛：今天的节目就到这里，别忘了我们的口号：
That’s all for today. Don’t forget
our motto:
合： 学说中国话，朋友遍天下。
Learn Chinese and have friends everywhere.
(Source: cctv.com)
