Archive for December 15th, 2008

China Travel – Tonglushan Mining and Smelting Site

Monday, December 15th, 2008

 

The Tonglushan Mining and Smelting Site is located 3 kilometers north of Daye County in Hubei Province.

 

According to Daye County Record, the Tonglushan Mountain was flat at its top with huge rocks facing each other. After downpour of rain, dots of patina like snowflakes were left on the mountaintop, hence its name Tonglu (patina). The mining site covers an area of 8 square kilometers, with 40 tons of copper dregs piled up on the ground. This indicates that the site is a large-scale well-preserved base of mining and smelting copper with rich underground deposit.

 

Archaeological excavations have found hundreds of mine tunnels protected by various wooden structures. Vertical shafts, tilted shafts and levels were placed one on another and the mine was 50 meters deep. These tunnels were built from the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476BC) to the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD). More than 1000 tools and utensils were unearthed, together with various copper-smelting stoves, among which 8 were made in the Spring and Autumn Period. 

 

Unearthed excavation tools include wooden shovel, wooden harrow, wooden gavel, copper axe, copper mold, iron hoe, iron chisel, wooden ladle and windlass. These tools prove that advanced mine-choosing method and excavation technology were adopted during the Spring and Autumn Period. With the use of vertical shaft, tilted shaft, blind shaft and level in the excavation, people have solved such technical problems as ventilation, drainage, lifting, illumination, and tunnel protection, bringing the excavation technology to a higher level.

 

The shaft furnace used for smelting copper was built with red clay, quartz sand, iron ore powder, and kaolin tampered together. The shaft furnace was about 1.5 meters high, with a surface area of 0.2 square meters. Coarse copper cubes unearthed near the furnace contained over 93 % of copper, indicating that the smelting technology had already reached a high level at that time. It is estimated that 80,000-100,000 tons of copper were smelted in the Tonglushan Site from the Zhou Dynasty (11th century — 256BC) to the Han Dynasty.

 

Only one section of the Tonglushan Mining and Smelting Site has been excavated. There are similar sites scattering in the neighboring mines. The Tonglushan Mining and Smelting Site has witnessed the superb smelting technology of ancient China.

(Source: chinaculture.org)

Chinese Culture – Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang

Monday, December 15th, 2008

 

Buddhist grottoes

 

Location: Dunhuang, Gansu Province

 

Period: 4th century-14th century AD

 

Excavated in 1963

 

Significance: It has provided abundant material objects for the study of the history of ancient Chinese culture and Buddhism.

 

 Introduction

 

The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, also known as the One-Thousand-Buddha Grottoes, are located on the eastern, rocky side of Singing Sand Mountain, near Dunhang City, Gansu Province. According to historical records, the carving of them was started in 366 AD and continued for about 1,000 years. Now, there are 492 grottoes in existence, with some 45,000 square meters of murals and 2,415 painted clay figures. The grottoes in the Mogao Caves are the world’s largest and oldest treasure house of Buddhist art. 

A set of painted statues of Buddha from cave No. 244: (up, height 4.5 m); Buddha statue of Sui Dynasty from cave No. 412: (left-bottom, height 3.5 m); Bodhisattva statue of the prosperous period of Tang Dynasty, cave No. 144: (right-bottom, height 1.85 m)

 

In 1900, about 60,000 historical documents were found in the Cang Jing Cave. These articles included Buddhist sutras, documents, embroidery works and paintings from the 4th to the 14th centuries. Apart from ancient Chinese documents, there were also documents in other ancient languages, including Tibetan, Sanskrit and Uygur. These art works are treasures of human civilization, providing valuable material for studies of the politics, economy, culture, religion, ethnic relations and foreign exchanges of China in olden times.

 

 Cultural Heritage

 

The Mogao Grottoes show examples of various types of art, such as architecture, painting and statuary. By inheriting the artistic traditions of the central and western regions of China and absorbing the merits of ancient arts from India, Greece and Iran, ancient Chinese artists created Buddhist art works with strong local features.

 

1.Grottoes

 

So far there are 492 grottoes, with murals and painted clay figures. There are meditation grottoes, Buddha hall grottoes, temple grottoes, vault-roofed grottoes and shadow grottoes. The largest grotto is 40 meters high and 30 meters wide, whereas the smallest is less than one foot high.

 

2.  Painted Clay Figures

 

These are the main treasures of the Dunhuang Grottoes. The figures are in different forms, including round figures and relief figures. The tallest is 34.5 meters high, while the smallest is only 2 centimeters. These painted clay figures show such a great variety of themes and subject matter, as well as advanced techniques, that the Mogao Grottoes are generally regarded as the world’s leading museum of Buddhist painted clay figures.

 

3.Murals

 

The murals in the Mogao Grottoes display Buddhist sutras, natural scenery, buildings, mountain and water paintings, flower patterns, flying Apsaras (Buddhist fairies) and ancient farming and production scenes. There are 1,045 murals extant, with a total area of 45,000 square meters. They are artistic records of historical changes and customs and traditions from the 4th to the 18th centuries.

Source: chinaculture.org

Learn Chinese Podcast – Happy China 358

Monday, December 15th, 2008
 
 

  

  韩佳:大牛,你还臭美呢。节目都开始了。

  Don’t be so fastidious about your looks.

  Our program has already started.

  大牛:哦,对了!

  Oh, my goodness!

  快乐学汉语,轻松又好记。

  Learn Chinese the fun way.

  It’s much easier to remember.

  大家好,这里是《快乐中国》。

  Hi, welcome to this edition of Happy China.

  我是你们的老朋友大牛。

  I am your old friend Daniel.

  韩佳:我是韩佳。

  And I am Han Jia.

  大牛:韩佳,我这不叫臭美。

  Han Jia, I am not fastidious about

  my looks.

  叫注意形象。

  But I have to pay attention to my image.

  韩佳:你的形象?

  Your image?

  不是有我们的化妆师全包了吗?

  Do we have our cosmetician to

  take care of all that?

  大牛:是啊。可是用常州的梳子梳头

  Yes. But Changzhou combs

  可以起到按摩的作用。

  can also massage as well.

  韩佳:嗬,没想到你对这个还有研究哪。

  Huh, I didn’t expect you are also

  conversant with combs.

  大牛:这不是我有研究,

  No, I am not,

  而是常州的梳子太有名了。

  but Changzhou combs are so

  well-known.

  韩佳:那你对它了解有多少呢?

  Then how much do you know about them?

  大牛:其实我也是一知半解。

  Actually, I know only a little about them.

  韩佳:我就知道。

  I know you would say so.

  大牛,这里就是常州赫赫有名的篦箕巷。

  Daniel, this is the famed Combs

  Alley of Changzhou.

  大牛:我知道。

  I know it.

  前两天我们坐着小船从这里开过去了。

  A couple of days ago,

  we passed by it on a boat.

  韩佳:嗯,没错。

  Yes, exactly.

  这巷子虽小,但历史却很悠久。

  The alley might be considered narrow,

  but it has a long history.

  Zhè xiàngzi suī xiǎo, dàn lìshǐ què hěn yōujiǔ.

  这 巷子 虽 小, 但 历史 却 很 悠久。

  This alley might be narrow,

  but it has a long history.

  大牛:哎,我想起来了,

  Oh, it came up to me that

  《红楼梦》里贾政和贾宝玉

  in A Dream of Red Mansions,

  Jia Zheng and Jia Baoyu

  最后见面的地方就是这里。

  see each other for the last time

  right here.

  韩佳:没错。《红楼梦》中

  Exactly. The Biling Courier

  Station mentioned

  提到的毗陵驿指的就是这里。

  in A Dream of Red Mansions was

  also right here.

  以前这儿非常繁华。

  It used to be a bustling street

  in the past.

  人们只要到常州来,

  People visiting Changzhou

  就会到篦箕巷来买些梳子,

  would come here to buy combs

  回去送给亲朋好友。

  as gifts for their relatives and friends.

  大牛:对,《红楼梦》里金陵十二钗

  Yes, indeed. The 12 ladies from Nanjing

  in A Dream of Red Mansions

  用的梳子都是在这里买的。

  all use combs made right here.

  韩佳:这个你也知道啊。

  This you also know.

  我们还是去看看梳子吧。

  Let’s take a look at the combs

  made here.

  大牛:走。

  Yeah, let’s go.

  韩佳:大牛,这里就是常州市梳篦博物馆了。

  Daniel, here is the Museum

  of Combs in Changzhou.

  哦,想起来了,想起来了,

  Oh, it reminds me that

  其实今天咱们还有一个任务要完成。

  we have a task to fulfill today.

  大牛:真的?什么任务?

  Really? What task?

  韩佳:先不告诉你。

  I’d better not tell you now.

  一会儿自然就知道了。

  You’ll find it out later yourself.

  大牛:韩佳这个人什么都好,

  She is okay in every respect

  就是爱卖关子。

  except for her penchant for keeping

  others guessing.

  韩佳:大牛,这常州梳篦

  Daniel, the making of combs

  in Changzhou

  至少已经有两千多年的历史了。

  has a history of at least over

  2,000 years.

  从这些做工精美、形状各异的梳篦,

  From these exquisite and various

  shaped combs,

  我们就能看到常州梳篦的发展史。

  we can find out the history of the

  development of Changzhou combs.

  Zài zhèli,wǒmen jiù néng kàn dào chángzhōu shūbì de fāzhǎnshǐ.

  在 这里,我们 就 能 看 到 常州 梳篦 的 发展史。

  Here,we can see how Changzhou’s

  combs developed through time.

  大牛:而且我还发现在这个漫长的过程当中,

  I also find that, in this long process

  of development,

  美轮美奂的梳篦变成了一种艺术品。

  these “mei lun mei huan” combs

  have evolved into a kind of works of art.

  韩佳:说得倒不错!但是在这里用词不当。

  Nicely put! But you have used

  an improper word.

  美轮美奂中的轮是指高大,

  The “lun” in “mei lun mei huan”

  means magnificence

  奂是指众多。

  and “huan” refers to plenty.

  美轮美奂一般是用来形容

  So “mei lun mei huan” generally

  refers to

  新建房屋高大美观。

  newly built beautiful and imposing

  buildings.

  大牛:轮读二声,指高大;

  ”lun”, 2nd tone, means large

  奂读四声,指众多。

  and “huan”, 4th tone, means many.

  美轮美奂一般是用来形容

  ”mei lun mei huan” usually describe

  a new house being large and beautiful,

  新建房屋高大美观。

  but can also describe a new house being

  well furnished and beautifully decorated.

  美轮美奂。

  ”mei lun mei huan”.

  韩佳,这两位师傅在做什么?

  Han Jia, what are these two

  artists doing?

  韩佳:这位在彩绘,那位在烙画。

  This one is painting and that one

  doing the pyrography work.

  大牛:看来制作梳篦并不像我想像的那么简单。

  The making of combs isn’t as simple

  as I imagined it to be.

  Zhìzuò shūbì bìng bú xiàng wǒ xiǎngxiàng de nàme jiǎndān.

  制作 梳篦 并 不 像 我 想像 的 那么 简单。

  The making of combs isn’t as simple

  as I imagined it to be.

  韩佳:据说从选材到全部完成啊,

  It is said that from the selection of

  materials to completion,

  梳子需要28道工序。

  there are 28 steps in the process

  of making a comb.

  而篦子就更复杂了,

  And the making of the double-edged

  fine-toothed combs is more complicated,

  需要72道工序呢。

  requiring as many as 72 steps,

  而且全部都是由人手工完成的。

  which all have to be completed manually.

  大牛:真不容易。

  It’s really no easy job.

  哎,对了,韩佳,

  Oh, yes, Han Jia,

  你前面说的任务到底是什么?

  what on earth is the task you

  mentioned just now?

  现在总该告诉我们了吧。

  It is time now you told us.

  合: 就是这个呀。烙画和彩绘?

  It is right this. Pyrography

  and painting?

  韩佳:对呀。

  Yeah.

  怎么样?有没有信心

  Okay? Are you confident

  跟我比试比试啊?

  about a contest with me?

  大牛:就这种小case,还难得倒我大牛吗?

  It’s such a minor case.

  You can’t baffle me with that.

  秦师傅,拜托您了。

  Mr. Qin, I rely on you.

  韩佳:那好吧。

  No problem.

  现在让观众朋友们先来看看赏心悦目,

  We’d better let our audience enjoy

  today’s Feast for the Eyes now

  一会儿再来看我跟大牛的作品。

  and see my and Daniel’s works later.

  大牛:请看。

  Please watch.

  赏心悦目:

  大牛:大功告成。

  All done.

  韩佳:我的也完成了。

  I am also done with mine.

  大牛:我觉得我的比较好呀。

  I think mine is better.

  韩佳:咱俩别在这儿比了。

  We’d better stop arguing here.

  还是让观众朋友们来评评吧。

  Let our audience be the judge.

  如果您想得到这两把梳子的话,

  If you wish to get these two combs,

  就赶快跟我们联系。

  please hurry and contact us.

  大牛:观众朋友们,时间过得真快。

  Viewer friends, time passes so quickly.

  我们又要跟您说再见了。

  It’s time again to bid you goodbye.

  不过首先要出今天的问题。

  But you have to answer today’s

  question first.

  (问题部分略)

  韩佳:当然了,你也可以把答案和建议

  Of course, you can also send

  us your answer

  通过以下方式发送给我们。

  and suggestions using the method here.

  好了,感谢您收看我们今天的《快乐中国》。

  Well, thanks for watching today’s

  edition of Happy China.

  别忘了,周一到周六

  Don’t forget to join us everyday

  我们每天与您准时相约。

  Mondays through Saturdays.

  大牛:也别忘了我们的口号:

  And also don’t forget our motto:

  合: 学说中国话,朋友遍天下。

  Learn Chinese and have friends everywhere.

(Source: cctv.com)