China has over 360 types of traditional operas and 50,000 traditional theatrical pieces. China’s operas partially originate from ancient wu dances. Wu, or sorcery, became prevalent in the Shang dynasty (16th-11th centuries BC) and the Warring States period (475-221 BC) in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Sorcerers and sorceresses claimed to be ale to make the
gods come out by dancing, and to be the people in charge of offering sacrifices to the gods of the Earth and Heaven and spirits of the dead, as well as practicing divination and praying for the people. Quyuan, a famous poet of the State of Chu, on the basis of wu dances and songs, which were widely popular among the Chinese people, created the Book of Songs. Many were later developed into folk dances.
During the Qin (221-207 BC) and Han (206 BC – AD220) dynasties, baixi, a general name for ancient dances, songs and acrobatics, became very popular. Baixi was handed down to the Tang (618-907) and the Northern Song (960-1127) dynasties, and at festival times baixi performances could be seen everywhere in Kaifeng, capital of the Northern Song dynasty, and the music and songs were widely spread.
Court songs and dances came into vogue during the Tang dynasty, and Emperor Xuan Zong (712-756) personally selected several hundred outstanding performers into the court for further training and performing for him. So later artists place a statue of him
The Yuan dynasty saw the most prosperous period of China’s traditional operas, and made great contributions to the development of China’s dram
atic and literary history. Extant works of the time amount to 150, including some outstanding ones such as “Snow in Midsummer” and the “West Chamber” which reflect the society and life of the time. There had a profound influence on Chinese dramatic art.
China’s traditional opera is a comprehensive art of literature, music, dance, martial art, painting and acrobatics. Poetic dram was formed in the Ming the Qing dynasties, mainly depicting stories of supernatural, human feelings, ways of the world and social life. During this period various local operas appeared, with Peking opera as the most representative type.
(Source: ancienthistory.mrdonn.org)