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1. einsteinium
(Source: dict.cn)
Archive for June 23rd, 2008
Children Chinese – Qin Dynasty (2)
Monday, June 23rd, 2008Spy System: To make sure everyone did their job correctly, First Emperor Qin set up a spy system. People had to spy on each other – it was the law. People had to spy on each at work and at home in their neighborhood or village. If people turned in lawbreakers, they were rewarded. If they did not, they were executed. It was a simple system, and it worked very well.
This organization system gave Qin great power. That power allowed him to make huge changes. Qin knew that to unify China there had to be big changes. Most of his laws had something to do with protection.
Changes:
Land: First Emperor Qin took land away from the nobles. He did not want the nobles rising up against him. Anyone who argued with Qin was either buried alive or put to work building the Great Wall.
Standardization: He introduced one system of weights, measures, money, written language, and laws. Nobody argued with him.
Law Code: He introduced a new law code that applied to everybody. He created a huge law enforcement group, whose job was to enforce the laws.
Peasants: Peasants were assigned a job. They were either assigned the job of farmer or of silk maker. It they tried to do anything else besides their assigned job, they were sent to work on the Great Wall. If people were lazy or slow at doing their assigned job, they were sent to work on the wall.
Censorship: Qin practiced total censorship. He persecuted scholars and destroyed books. He defined useless books as any book about anything except books about medicine, agriculture, or prophecy. Useless books were burned. Over 400 scholars who refused to turn in books were either buried alive or sent to work on the wall. Qin did not believe in any education for the common man. According to Qin, the more time people spent studying, the less time they had to grow food. He especially disliked the teachings of Confucius. He had all Confucius’ books burned.
Qin did not think his rule was cruel. He said, “A thousand may die so that a million may live.” He built roads, canals, and bridges. His public works projects probably saved millions of lives that would have been lost to floods and famine. Although many people died building the Great Wall, it did provide an advantage in war.
No rebellion occurred during his rule. He died in 210 BCE. Once he was dead, his son took over. His son did not rule for long. People revolted again the Qin government all over the countryside.
The peasant who led that revolt became the new emperor. His dynasty was called the Han Dynasty. Life vastly improved during the Han Dynasty.
(Source: ancienthistory.mrdonn.org)
Beijing Olympic – China amends law on protection of the people with a disabality
Monday, June 23rd, 2008BEIJING — Chinese lawmakers on Thursday adopted a law amendment to better protect the country’s more than 83 million disabled, in the run-up to the Beijing 2008 Paralympics in September.
The amendment to the Law on Protection of the Disabled, which has been discussed twice by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC) in February and April, was expected to go into effect on July 1.
The second session of the 11th NPC Standing Committee concluded on Thursday afternoon.
Chinese lawmakers in the three-day session also reviewed draft of the Fire Control Law, heard a State Council report on disaster relief concerning the prolonged snow disaster earlier this year, and ratified three international extradition and judicial assistance pacts.
The amendment to the Law on Protection of the Disabled was adopted aiming at better protecting the country’s more than 80 million disabled people, in its run-up to the Beijing 2008 Paralympics in September.
“Caring for the disabled is a sign of social progress, and is an important part of building a harmonious society,” said China’s top legislator Wu Bangguo at the meeting. “It showcases the country’s vowed respect to human rights in its constitution.
“The disabled should be guaranteed the right to play a fair role in social life and share the fruits of our country’s economic and social development.”
The amendment, which has been discussed twice by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC) in February and April this year, is expected to go into effect from July 1, 2008.
It is the first law amendment adopted by the 11th NPC Standing Committee, which convened its first meeting in March this year.
A revision of a 1991 law, the amendment was drawn up to “tackle new circumstances and problems” cropping up amid economic and social advances, Civil Affairs Minister Li Xueju was quoted as saying earlier this week.
The amendment added detailed about stable financial support, better medical care and rehabilitation for the disabled, along with favorable jobs and tax policies.
Governments at county level or above should provide stable funding and draw up annual plans to help the disabled, it said.
Governments and social organizations, enterprises, and non-government organizations should have a quota of disabled people on their payroll, and should contribute to the disabled in other aspects if they failed to meet the quota.
Government purchase should also give priority to products or services provided by the disabled, according to the amendment.
“No one should force the disabled into labor using violence, threats or depriving them of their personal freedom,” it said.
It stressed the need to build and improve physical facilities that would make it easier for the disabled.
As China promised to allow guide dogs to enter public places during the upcoming Beijing Olympic Games, the amendment agreed to lift such bans. It said relevant regulations should be observed when guide dogs are used in aid of the disabled entering public venues.
The amendment also made clearer the legal consequences of violating the rights and interests of the disabled. It stated the disabled were entitled to report such cases to relevant government departments and ask them to provide legal aid.
Those who did not respond to the disabled’s appeals promptly or tried to suppress their demands or postpone the settlement, would be punished in accordance with relative law and regulations.
People who discriminated against the disabled through mass media or other methods, should be punished in accordance with the administrative regulations.
China is the host of the Beijing Paralympics in September, and the Asian Para Games in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, in 2010.
According to the China Disabled Persons’ Federation, the country has about 83 million disabled, accounting for 6.34 percent of the population. More than 75 percent of the disabled live in rural areas.
During its three-day session, the country’s top legislature also approved two extradition treaties with France and Australia respectively. It also ratified an agreement with Kuwait on mutual judicial assistance in civil and commercial affairs on Thursday.
It also appointed Shen Deyong vice president of the Supreme People’s Court, and Huang Zhendong director of the Credentials Committee of the NPC Standing Committee. (China Daily)
(Source: en.beijing2008.cn)
