Archive for May 6th, 2008

Chinese Pinyin – Chinese Pinyin Writing Rules (1)

Tuesday, May 6th, 2008

1 主题内容与适用范围

本标准规定了用《汉语拼音方案》拼写现代汉语的规则。内容包括分词连写法、成语拼写法、外来词拼写法、人名地名拼写法、标调法、移行规则等。为了适应特殊的需要,同时提出一些可供技术处理的变通方式。

本标准适用于文教、出版、信息处理及其他部门,作为用《汉语拼音方案》拼写现代汉语的统一规范。

2 术语

汉语拼音正词法

汉语拼音的拼写规范及其书写格式的准则。《汉语拼音方案》确定了音节的拼写规则。《汉语拼音正词法基本规则》是在《汉语拼音方案》的基础上进一步规定词的拼写规范的基本要点。

3 制定原则

3.1 以词为拼写单位,并适当考虑语音、语义等因素,同时考虑词形长短适度。

3.2 基本采取按语法词类分节叙述。

3.3 规则条目尽可能详简适中,便于掌握应用。

 

(Source: www.chineselearner.com)

Learn Chinese Podcast – Happy China 135

Tuesday, May 6th, 2008
 
 

                          Click to Watch Video Podcast

  (3月21日播出)

  韩佳: 快乐学汉语!

  Learn Chinese the fun way!

  王渊源:万里海疆行!

  And enjoy our Happy Journey

  across China!

  韩佳: 大家好,我是快乐的韩佳。

  Hello, I’m Merry Han Jia.

  王渊源:我是快乐的渊源。

  And I’m Happy Yuanyuan.

  很高兴又在这个时间

  It’s good to see you all again

  和您准时相见了。

  at this exact time.

  韩佳: 今天,

  Today,

  我们“万里海疆快乐行”的车队,

  our Happy Journey across China caravan

  已经走到了宁波的北仑区。

  has arrived in Ningbo’s Beilun District.

  这里和宁波其他的地方

  This place is quite different from

  又有很大的区别。

  other parts of Ningbo.

  王渊源:这北仑区的大名

  I’ve also heard of

  我也是听说过。

  this famous name Beilun.

  它可是现在宁波经济发展

  It is surely Ningbo’s fastest

  growing area

  最迅速的地区。

  in terms of economic development.

  而且宁波舟山港的核心港区

  And Ningbo’s nucleus of

  Zhoushan Port,

  北仑港就在这里。

  the Beilun Harbor, is right here.

  韩佳: 你了解得还挺清楚啊!

  You know it pretty well!

  王渊源:既然来这儿,

  Since we’re coming here,

  对它多少也得有些了解嘛。

  we should know something

  about it.

  韩佳: 你刚才说的这个“多少”啊,

  You just said “duoshao”,

  在这里是个副词,

  which is an adverb

  表示或多或少的意思。

  meaning more or less or somewhat.

  王渊源:“多少”表示或多或少的意思。

  ”Duoshao” here means somewhat

  or to some extent.

  韩佳: 你说的没错儿。

  You’re right.

  Jìrán yào lái běilún duì tā duō shǎo yě dei yǒu xiē liǎojiě

  既然 要 来 北仑, 对 它 多 少 也 得 有 些 了解。

  Since we’re coming to Beilun, we

  should know something about it.

  其实,我们对这里的了解还很不够。

  In fact, our knowledge about it

  is quite limited.

  所以呢,现在就要马上去认识一下

  So we’re now going to get to

  know more about

  这个正在飞速发展中的临港新城区。

  this rapidly developing new urban

  area close to the port.

  旁白: 每一个来到这里的人,

  Every visitor here

  都能够深深感受到

  can deeply feel

  这片临港新城区的经济活力和发展潜力。

  this new port area’s economic viability

  and development potential.

  既然是临港新城区,

  Since it’s a new urban area

  close to the port,

  那么港口

  the port here

  自然就是这里经济发展

  naturally plays a key role

  最核心的部分了。

  in the area’s economic development.

  韩佳: 所以我们的第一站就选择在了这里,

  So we chose our first stop to be

  宁波舟山港的核心港区——北仑港。

  the nucleus of Ningbo’s Zhoushan

  Port the Beilun Harbor.

  王渊源:我得数数。

  Let me count.

  这是咱们到过的第几个港口了?

  How many ports have we passed?

  我想想。一,二,三…

  Let me think. One, two, three …

  韩佳: 别数了,渊源。

  Don’t count, Yuanyuan.

  不管咱们去过几个港口,

  Now matter how many ports

  we’ve been to,

  这个地方是不能不来的。

  this one is a must-see.

  王渊源:为什么呀?

  Why?

  韩佳: 这北仑港啊

  The Beilun Harbor

  是一个世界级的亿吨大港,

  is a hundred-million-ton world-class harbor,

  年吞吐量位居中国第二、

  ranking second in China

  世界第五。

  and fifth in the world in terms

  of annual handling capacity.

  它的发展对整个宁波来说,

  It plays an important role

  都起到了非常重要的作用。

  in the entire development of Ningbo.

  王渊源:原来它的地位有这么重要啊!

  Its role is so important!

  韩佳: 对啊。那我们现在所在的是

  Yes. Now we’re at

  一个三十万吨级的铁矿石码头。

  a 30,000-ton-class iron ore dock.

  这样规模的码头,

  A dock of this scale

  在中国也是数一数二的。

  also ranks high in China.

  王渊源:数一数二?

  ”Shu yi shu er”?

  那到底是第一还是第二呢?

  Does it rank exactly first

  or second?

  韩佳: “数一数二”

  ”Shu yi shu er”

  是用来形容很突出,排名非常靠前。

  means to count as one of the best

  or rank high.

  我们常常会用它来形容成绩突出、

  We often use the phrase to describe

  an outstanding achievement

  规模巨大等等。

  or a great scale or extent.

  王渊源:“数一数二”

  ”Shu yi shu er”

  用来形容很突出,排名非常靠前。

  means to count as one of

  the best or rank high.

  韩佳: 比如说,这个码头的规模

  For instance, the scale of

  this dock

  在中国也是数一数二的。

  also ranks high in China.

  旁白: 听韩佳说,

  I heard from Han Jia that

  就是因为有了这个港口,

  it is just because of this harbor

  所以现在北仑的临港大工业

  that the big industries around

  the Beilun Harbor

  也发展得很快。

  have developed rapidly.

  北仑发电厂就是其中的代表。

  One of the examples is Beilun

  Power Plant.

  嘉宾: 我们北仑发电厂

  Our Beilun Power Plant

  是1994年建成投产的。

  was built and went into operation

  in 1994.

  到12月15号,

  Since December 15,

  我们三期工程两台一百万的

  construction of two one-million-KW

  超超临界机组开工建设。

  ultra- supercritical generators

  in Phase III has started.

  建成后的总装机容量

  After completion, the total installed capacity

  达到了五百万千瓦。

  will reach five million kilowatts.

  我们不仅有自己专用的煤码头,

  We not only have a coal dock

  of our own,

  而且有十二个储煤场

  but also 12 coal storing

  facilities and

  和长达十二多公里的输煤带。

  a 12-kilometer coal transporting

  conveyor belt.

  你看一下我们这边的滩涂。

  Now please take a look at

  this stretch of wetlands.

  王渊源:发电厂里还能养鱼虾呢!

  Fish and shrimps can be also

  raised in a power plant!

  嘉宾: 从这一点就可以看出,

  From this we can see

  我们电厂对环保这一块儿的重视。

  our power plant attaches great importance

  to environmental protection.

  韩佳: 那刚才说到的“重视”呢

  Yuanyuan just said “zhongshi”.

  就是指认为人的德才优良,

  It means to take something seriously,

  或者是事物的作用重要

  such as personal qualities

  而认真对待。

  or something special.

  王渊源:“重视”就是指

  ”Zhongshi” means

  认为很重要而认真对待。

  to attach importance to, take

  seriously, or value.

  Tāmen fēicháng zhòngshi chǎngqū lǜhuà

  他们 非常 重视 厂区 绿化。

  They attach great importance to

  the greening of the factory area.

  旁白: 北仑是依托港口发展起来的工业区。

  Beilun is a burgeoning industrial

  area based on the harbor.

  不论临港大工业还是民族工业,

  Both state and private enterprises

  在这里都得到了蓬勃的发展。

  have been developing rapidly here.

  告别了北仑发电厂之后,

  After bidding goodbye to

  Belun Power Plant,

  我们决定去这里民族工业的代表

  we decide to take a look at one of

  the paradigms of private enterprises-

  吉利汽车看看。

  the Geely Auto Company.

  韩佳: 它呢是目前中国最大的

  It is currently China’s biggest

  民营汽车生产企业。

  privately-owned auto making enterprise.

  你看,这儿展示的

  Look, on display here are

  就是吉利汽车生产的部分车型。

  some of the types of cars produced

  by Geely.

  很多都是具有纪念意义的。

  Many of them are of commemorative

  significance.

  比如那款吧,

  For instance, that type of car

  它是吉利生产的第一代美日车型。

  is the first-generation American-Japanese

  car model.

  上面有所有参与生产的

  On it there are signatures

  by all staff and

  员工的签名。

  workers who took part in

  its production.

  王渊源:这可真有纪念意义!

  It is surely of commemorative significance!

  对了,在中国民营汽车生产企业

  Oh yeah, are private auto companies

  应该很少见吧?

  very rare in China?

  韩佳: 对啊。尤其能达到像吉利

  That’s true. And private enterprises

  similar to Geely in scale, in particular,

  这么大规模的就更少了。

  are even rarer in China.

  我听说,他们还自主生产发动机,

  I heard they produce engines themselves

  而且获得了很多项发明专利。

  and have had many patented innovations.

  现在他们每年都会推出

  Currently they launch

  两到三款全新的车型。

  two to three new models

  each year.

  产品已经销往了

  Their products are sold

  世界上的四十多个国家和地区。

  to over 40 countries and regions

  in the world.

  王渊源:这可真不容易!

  That’s amazing!

  那韩佳,你说咱们是不是

  Han Jia, don’t you think

  we should

  应该去厂房去看一看?

  take a look at some of

  the workshops?

  韩佳: 这个主意不错。

  It’s a good idea.

  观众朋友们,一起去看看吧。

  Audience friends, let’s go together.

  赏心悦目:

  北仑是极具潜力的滨海新城区

  Beilun is a new coastal urban area

  with great potential for development.

  北仑港自然条件得天独厚

  The Beilun Harbor is blessed with

  advantageous natural conditions.

  依托深水良港建设的北仑电厂

  With the support of this deepwater harbor,

  the Beilun Power Plant

  是一家现代化的大型火力发电厂

  is a modern, large-size thermo-power plant.

  敬业 创新 沟通 拼搏

  Dedication, innovation, communication and

  competition

  是近万名吉利人恪守的治业精神

  embody the corporate spirit of the

  10,000-strong Geely auto company

  也是这家民营轿车企业成功的源泉

  and also the secret of success of this private

  auto maker.

  多彩的文化娱乐生活

  The colorful recreational activities and

  充满活力的城区新貌

  the energetic appearance of this

  new urban area

  正向世人展现着北仑的蓬勃生机

  are demonstrating Beilun’s great potential

  for development.

  王渊源:看完了生产线,

  After seeing the production line,

  我们在外面就发现了这个。

  we found this outside.

  有意思吧?

  Is it interesting?

  韩佳: 是啊。这是手模墙。

  Yes. This is the Hand Print Wall.

  每年,吉利汽车都会评选出五位

  Each year, Geely Auto selects five

  当年作出过突出贡献的员工,

  employees who make outstanding

  contributions that year

  把他们的手模放在墙上。

  and put their hand prints

  on the wall.

  你看,上面还有签名呢。

  Look, there are even signatures.

  王渊源:看来吉利不仅抓产品质量

  This shows Geely not only

  pays attention to quality

  和工作效率,

  and efficiency,

  管理方面也很有一套呢。

  they are also good at management.

  韩佳: 对啊。这的确是一个

  Yes. This is indeed

  激励员工的好方法。

  a good method to encourage

  the workers.

  你看,我们光顾着在这儿说话了。

  Look, we’re preoccupied only

  with talking here.

  今天的有奖问答题你想好了吗?

  Have you prepared today’s

  award-winning question?

  王渊源:我想好了。

  Yes, I have.

  今天的题目是这样的。

  Here’s today’s question.

  (问题部分略)

  就是它了。

  That’s it.

  韩佳: 2004年到2008年,

  From 2004 to 2008,

  世界女排大奖赛的部分赛事

  some competitions of the World

  Women Volleyball Grand Prix

  是在北仑举行的。

  have been scheduled to be

  held in Beilun.

  而我们手里拿的这个

  What’s in our hands is

  就是大奖赛的吉祥物圆圆。

  the Grand Prix’s mascot,

  Yuan Yuan.

  王渊源:如果你想得到它,

  If you want to get one,

  就赶快行动吧!

  please hurry and act now!

  韩佳: 好了,今天的节目就到这里了。

  Ok, our program has come to

  an end here.

  希望您明天同一时间,

  We hope you’ll continue to be

  能继续跟我们一起

  with us tomorrow at the same time

  “万里海疆快乐行”。

  for the Happy Journey across China.

  王渊源:口号不能忘。

  And don’t forget our slogan.

  合: 学说中国话,朋友遍天下!

  Learn Chinese and make friends everywhere!

      (Source: cctv.com)

China Travel – Jinci Temple (2)

Tuesday, May 6th, 2008

The Shuijing Platform was first built in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) as the stage for dramas. The front part is single-eaved round ridge roof while the back part is double-eaved gable and hip roof. The facade is a spacious stage, while other three sides are bright corridors. This kind of style is rather unconventional.

 

The Jinren Platform, also called the Lotus Platform in the past, has another name of the Tie Taiwei (iron figures of the official) because of the four iron figures on each corner of the platform. The plane of the platform is a square with handrails around it and a 4-meter high colored glaze furnace for burning silks standing in the center. The best one of the four is a 2-meter-tall iron figures in the southwest corner. The epigraph on his chest, which reads: cast in the 4th year (1097) of the Shaosheng reign of the Northern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), is not rusted and shining as ever, though it had exercised more than 800 years of trials and hardships. According to The History of Taiyuan County, the temple is the source of the Jinren River, so iron figures were placed here to avoid floods.

 

The Xian (worship) Hall was first built in the 8th year (1168) of the Dading reign of the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234). It was originally built to worship the Shengmu (Goddess Mother) and display sacrificial offerings. It is 3-bay wide and 2-bay long, single-eaved gable and hip roof with a carved glaze ridge and simple wooden square blocks inserted between the top of a column and a crossbeam. There are doors in the middle of the front room and back room; other rooms are installed with railings on the walls like a pavilion. In 1995, the Xian Hall was rebuilt with the same material and kept the original style. It retained the architectural characteristics of the Jin Dynasty and is the treasure of China’s ancient buildings.

 

The Yuzhao (fish pond) is a squared pool, and it is the second source of the Jin River. There is a bridge called Feiliang (flying girder) across it. The bridge was built in the Northern Song Dynasty, and its way of construction is very interesting. The main structures are the 34 small octagonal stone poles in the pond; wooden square blocks inserted between the top of columns and crossbeams support the cross-like surface of the bridge; flat ends extending to east and west connect the Shengmu Hall and the Xian Hall while ends in the south and north head to the bank. The bridge is enclosed with balustrades on both sides. The whole building looks just like a huge bird ready to fly, hence the name Feiliang (flying girder).

 

The Shengmu Hall was built in the Tiansheng reign of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127), splendid and grand, being the most ancient building in the Jinci Temple. It is 19 meters high, has a double-eaved gable and hip roof, and is seven-bay wide and six-bay long. It has yellow and green glazed edges, carved animals with flowers and surrounding corridor. Wood pillars in the front corridor are carved with eight coiling dragons. The inner part is enlarged by way of reducing pillars in it. The Shengmu Hall is a large-scale building of the Song style. There are 43 painted statues of the Song Dynasty in the hall with the main statue of Shengmu sitting straightly in the wood niche and other 42 attendants standing on both sides of the niche. Shengmu is dressed in a chaplet and official robes, decorous in appearance; while the attendants do different things: some serve meals and take care of daily life; some are responsible for combing, cleaning and sweeping. These statues are the concrete mirrors of the life in court. They are vivid and expressive. All the statues are naturally carved with superb techniques, and are refined works of Chinese painted carvings of the Song Dynasty.

 

South to the Shengmu Hall is the Nanlao Spring Pavilion built in the Tianbao reign (550-559) of the Northern Song Dynasty. The pavilion is octagonal with a pyramidal roof. Water in the Nanlao Spring, the main source of the Jin River, runs from the stone caves under the pavilion year after year. Thus, someone in the Northern Song Dynasty picked a beautiful verse of Yongxi Nanlao (never get old) from The Book of Odes-The Odes of Lu Kingdom to name this spring as Nanlao Spring. The spring water is sparkling and crystal-clear with perennial duckweeds. Poets in all dynasties would admire and praise the spring water. Li Bai, the famous poet of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), once wrote such beautiful verses: Water in the Jin River is just like jasper; Breeze stirs the river, making the waves like dragon scales and revealing the green duckweed. At the source of the Jin River, there is a Shuimu (a water goddess) building, constructed in the 42nd year (1563) of the Jiajing reign in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). It is five-bay wide and has two storeys with statues of seated Shuimu and her attendants inside. These statues are elegant and unconventional; they are rare works of painted statues in the Song Dynasty.

 

The famous tablet with Inscription and Preface for The Jinci Temple, composed and written by Li Shimin, the first emperor of the Tang Dynasty, in the 20th year (646) of the Zhenguan reign, is towering in the Zhenguan Baohan Pavilion. In the late years of the Song Dynasty, the father and son, Li Yuan and Li Shimin, waged a war across the Central Plains and set up the regime of the Tang Dynasty. After that, they came here to thank the blessing of Shuyu. They built this tablet to praise the system of the Zhou Dynasty and Shuyu’s constructive scheme for a country as well, to eulogize the cultural achievement and military accomplishment, in view of consolidating their own power.

 

The tablet is 1.95 meters high and 1.2 meters wide, built on a squared base. At the top is the headline lunar January 26 in the second year of the Zhenguan reign in lean type. There are 1,203 characters in cursive script on the tablet, all vivacious, acute, strong and powerful, quite like the calligraphy of Wang Youjun. This first emperor of the Tang Dynasty appreciated the calligraphy of Wang Xizhi very much. Therefore, the influence of Sage of Calligraphy (referring to Wang Xizhi) can be sensed between the lines. This compact inscription is a model of cursive script, ranking only next to the famous Orchid Pavilion Preface of Wang Xizhi.

 

The Shuyu Temple in the northern part includes two yards: the front yard and the back yard. The front yard is enclosed by a corridor, while the back yard has three additional halls on both sides. The Shuyu Temple in due north direction is 5-bay wide and 4-bay long. The statue of Shuyu is placed in the niche in the center of the hall; 12 statues from elsewhere are along two sides, with flute, pipa (a plucked string instrument), three-string and other musical instruments in hand. They are valuable data for study on Chinese musical instruments and the history of Chinese music.

(Source: chinaculture.org)